Valve apparatus



Dec. 3, 1940. 5 KERSTEN 2,223,567

VALVE APPARATUS Filed March 1'?,y 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Deco 3, 1940. s.KERSTEN VALVE APPARATUS Filed March 17, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 m. ,i .w w

Dec. 3, 1949.I s. KERSTEN VALVE APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March17, 1958 Patented Dec. 3, 1940 vALvE APPARATUS Samuel Kersten, Chicago,Ill. Application March 17, 193s, serial No. 196,313

3 Claims.

My invention relates to the control of water for household, industrial,and related uses. It relates more in particular t-o valves and faucetsfor controlling the amount of water, and to novel methods of and meansfor delivering requisite quantities of hot and cold water to producetempered water at a predetermined desirable temperature, and fordelivering controlled, predetermined amounts of said tempered water inaccordance with the requirements for a particular use or installation.

Conventionally, in substantially all installations where water is used,it is customary to supply both hot and cold water and provide each hotand cold water line with valves or faucets, sometimes used incombination fixtures, for affording to the user means whereby he may getcold water alone, hot water alone, or tempered water produced bycombining certain quantities of hot and cold water. By and large, inmost cases, water intermediate in temperature is what the user willrequire, and, in many cases, the user wants substantially the sametemperature in the tempered water most if not all of the time. It isunderstood, of course, that, where I speak of hot and cold water, I usethese terms in the ordinary sense in which they are used, hot waterbeing water heated in some type of heat exchange device and usuallydelivered at a temperature somewhat below boiling, and cold water as itis delivered in the mains without heating. It is understood, of course,that, and this will be referred to hereinafter, so-called cold water mayvary somewhat in temperature depending upon the o temperature of thesupply, but, in general, hot

water furnished in a particular installation will be of substantiallyuniform temperature, assuming the installation to be of adequate sizeand that the hot water is not wasted by excessive use.

In the present methods of handling water, itis customary for the user tocontrol the valves placed in thev hot water and cold water lines byturning the handles associated therewith until he has the water at thetemperature which he believes he wants it. This is usually a slow andwasteful procedure, and void of any aspect of accuracy by its verynature. Furthermore, even after an adjustment is made, for example in ashower, manipulations of other valves in the same hot or cold waterlines will so change the supply conditions (sometimes the term robbingthe line is employed) that the adjustment will be disturbed and the userwill no longer get the particular temperature of mixed water which hedesires. There are many examples which could be used to illustrate thevarious statements made hereinabove. I have mentioned showers. Anotherexample can be taken from the use of hot and cold water in the ordinarybarber shop. The so-called hot towel, which the barber uses dur- 5 ingshaving to facilitate softening the beard, is brought to the righttemperature by the use of proper combinations of hot and cold water. Thebarber will adjust the hot and cold water usually for some little time,notwithstanding the fact that 10 continued vpractice gives him somefacility, and even then the hot towels will vary in temperature.Sometimes he has a towel too hot and has to attempt to cool itbeforeplacing it on the face, and at other times it is not warm enough to be15 of any advantage. The barber depends, of course, only on his sense offeeling, and this is not accurate. Furthermore, in the process ofadjusting the temperature of his water, he may get variations, orvariations may occur because of another barber robbing the hot or coldwater lines, so that it is not uncommon for a towel to have cold spotsand hot spots, in other words not be uniform in temperature. y

The principal object of my present invention is to improve methods ofand means for handling water so as to overcome the disadvantagessuggested in the discussion hereinabove.

Another object is to provide improved means and methods for controllingthe iiow of water, particularly to deliver predetermined amounts oftempered water having just the temperature desired for a particular use.

A further object is the provision of improvements in valveand faucetstructures, particularly useful in providing tempered water but havinguses and advantages where this phase of my invention is not directlyemployed.

In general, I accomplish the objects of my invention, particularly asexpressed in the rst stated object, `by providing hot and cold waterlines with valve connections of generally normal type for deliveringsubstantially the full volume of water which normally could bedelivered, taking into consideration the size of the line and thepressure thereon. Associated with the valves, however, and in the pathof the water, I provide additional control means, adjustable to regulatethe amount of water delivered through the normal valve mechanism, sothat the water delivered to an outlet chamber from the hot and coldwater lines is temperedto just the temperature desired for a particularuseor purpose. In addition, I may provide means forv delivering the flowof water from the outlet chamber so that the flow of 55,

2 i i l 2,223,567 l the tempered water may be further regulated to justthe amount required in a particular instance. Furthermore, I providemeans for adjusting and controlling all of the features described, sothat in different types of installations, under different conditions andthe like, the temperature of the tempered water may at all times bemaintained substantially uniform. My system provides the additionaladvantage in that, even though there l0 be a pluralityof outletson asingle line, .one will not rob the other.v and substantially the sameoperating and control conditions are maintained independently of howmany outlets may be in use.

Otherl objects and features of my invention will be apparent from thefollowing detailed description taken with the accompanying drawings,wherein Fig. 1 is an elevational View, partlyfinsecftion,

embodying the features of my invention;

` Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 2.-.-2 ofFig.l, and -illustratingthe relative positionsof the hotandscold water.linesppart of the viewfbeing in e'levation to facilitate illustratingsome of the features; Fig.y 3 isa sectional viewtaken on the line 3v3 ofFig'..2, looking in the.direction of the arrows; 4 isa similar. sectiontaken on the linelI-fl of Fig.2; y v l Fig.l 5is a verticalsectionalview'partly inele- 30. vation .showing a rsomewhat modified form ofcombination faucet, -and illustrating the application of a-sprayhead to4theroutlet nozzle such as mightbe employed in barber shops and thelike; l 35. Figl 6 is .an enlarged sectional view, partly lin elevation,showing a, valve insert ofthe type employed..in both the form of Fig. 2Vand the form ofFig.;5;"'k j Fig, 7 is, ,anv exploded .sectional -viewtaken on theline- 1.-"1 of Fig. .6, the exploded ,parts being shown intwo li-nes4 to facilitate setting them out separately; f Y

Fig. 8 is asection'al View, taken lon the line 8-8 of Fig. 6 looking inthe directionof the ,45 arrows; y i v Fig., Sis fa.valveassen'lbly`employing the same vtype of .valve'insert d'isclosedin connectionwithFigs. 2 and y5; and y n l n Fig. 10 illustrates the,colribination of thevalve assembly 'off Fig. l9 with other fittings to producelajwater-control installation generally similar 4to that produced bythe faucets`shown Vin Figs. 1 to 8, inclusive. n

Referring nowlirst to Figs. V1l to A4, inclusive, I disclose a faucetbody Il, to which hot and cold waterlines I2 and I3 respectivelya-reconnected, -inv a suitable manner, to form a .com-

munication with hot and cold water inlet chambers I4 and IBrespectively. Each ofthe chambers I4 yand I 6 communicates through Vavalve vand .water control mechanism with an outlet chamber Il, so thatall hot andrcold Water delivered fromthe kchambers I4 and I'Gis`delivered to andr'nixed in the outlet chamber I-'I. A'noz- A,35 zle` I8is connected to the outlet chamber for delivering the water to asuitable receptacleor nienke. Y s Between eachinlet chamber Maud I6 ,and

theloutlet chamber Il, `I provide a usual type ,70 of' valve which,ifitwere theonly'control means inthe path of the water, would` deliversubstanf tiallya vfull head of water through the passage- ,v

waysfprovided to thev outletchamber. In addition tothe valve itself,however, I also provide ,7.5 adjustable meansfor-restricting the' flowof both the hot and cold Water. This arrangement will be more fullydescribed in connection with Figs. 6, 7 and 8, so that the structure perse will be made apparent. For the purpose of understanding the operationof the faucet of Figs. 1 to 4,

inclusive, however, it will suilce for the moment to state that thesecontrols are provided. In addition, however, I also provide means fordelivering the tempered Water from the outlet chamber, I'I through thevnozzlel ,in just the amounts desired. The nozzle I8 has la cupshapedupper projection I 9- provided with oppositely disposed openings 2|. Acup-shaped control cap 22 fits snugly over the cup-shaped projection I9and is held in place by a screw [23, a. relatively soft metal washer 24being pro- 4Vvided vat the flanged rimof the cup-shaped control capYwhere such cap contacts the shoulder at the t op of the outlet aroundthe cup-shaped projection I9. 'I'he cup-shaped control cap 22 isprovided with a, pluralitylof holes 2lik arranged in pairs and .facingeach other, two holes 'only being shownv in the drawing. The generalarrangement, however, is similar to that .subsequentlyto be described inconnection with` the separate controlsk for the. hot, and cold water,and so-fa further showing of lthis feature at the present. time isunnecessary.` .The holes 26, While arranged in pairs, arealso soarrangedthat each pairis of-a dilerent size and each designedto deliver ameasured, predetermined quantity of tempered .water through the nozzleorifice-2l.

I shall nowl referto the operation ofthefaucet so that a furtherconsideration of the details of thewater control elements will bemademore clear and understandable.

As will be shown, and a-sha-s already been generallypointed out, A`the.amount of hot and coldrwaterdelivered .to the .outlet chamber Il whenthevalveshavebeen completely' opened (preferably I ,employrso-calledquick opening typesjfvalves) isdeiinite and predetermined bythe ,deSgnrand itsadjustment. `By this proceduretemperedwater of exactlythe right ltemperature can .be ,delivered instantly through the nozzle'oriiice V21 by merely opening the two valves/fully. In order to explainthis, -let us take certainspecic examples. l

Assume that the water is to be delivered to an outlet ina barber. shopwhere hot vwater is to beemployed but not-suiiiciently-hot forsterilizing purposes. The conventional hot towel is an adequateillustration. We may assume that a temperaturer of 120 to 130Y degreesF. `is proper,

and that a4 Suitable Volume at-the outlet is onel of the hot water willbe maintained substan-V t'ially` constantly at 180 degreesF., andthat'the temperature ofthe-Coldwater willvary as much as from 35 to- 60/degrees F. By calculation and by actual measurement over long periods oftime, I havedeterminedthat, if an oricebe Ausedgin association withthevalve at the hot water line, which will deliver l1/2fgallonsperminute',fand a similar orifice employed in the cold waterline which willdeliver one gallon of :Coldwater per minute, the .temperature `of `thewater` at the outlet will vary. depending .upon theltemperature of-thecold; Water, between 122 degreesl F. and `132 degrees'F. lIt will -benoted,'howe,ver`, that, Withoutany control vover the outlet, the totalwater delivered .will Lbe one fgallon vplusone and one-half gallons, oratotal of two and one-half gallons.V Due toj4 the .control in:thegoutletyihow- Y that is required will actually ow from the outemployay very easily and quickly adjustablel mechanism so that from wintertosummer separate adjustments may be made on the cold water controlmechanism; so that, whatever the variation in temperature may be, .I maystill maintain amore uniform temperature than indicated in the example.In other words, I may keepthe range down to plus or minus two or threedegrees of that calculated to be desired.'

Other examples, assuming the same general conditions, namely that thecold water will Varyl from 35 to 60 degrees F. and the hot water willremain at substantially 180 degrees, are the following: 'In beautyparlors, for shampoo purposes, assume a temperature oi around degrees isdesired and that two gallons of water per minute is what is desired inthe spray heads. If ll/g gallons of cold water are delivered and 1gallon of hot, the temperature at the outlet, under the most extremeconditions, will not vary between 93 and 100 degrees F. For dishwashing, assume a temperature of to 140 degrees is desired, and sixgallons of water per minute at the outlet, then two gallons of coldwater and four gallons of hot water may be supplied to the outletchamber, and the maximum opening provided at the outlet nozzle. Thisgives six gallons of water per minute, and the temperature variationwill be between 130 and 140 degrees F'. A large number of additionalexamples which I have worked on might be given to illustrate the minimumvariations from the desired temperatures, and to show the delivery ofthe amounts of water required for particular purposes. .I haveconsidered, for example, garages whereY cars are washed, the demands forgeneral domestic use, laundry tray operations, public lavatories, usesin dairies, uses in public shower baths, and the like, and a largenumber of operations in processing work in factories, and in allinstances the delivery of the amounts and temperature of water requiredhas been facili-v tated with only minor variations in temperature of thewater, and these minor variations capable of further control byadjustment when the temperature of the cold water varies. By and large,the temperature of hot water may be kept constant, but, should there bea change in the hot water temperature because of changes in equipmentemployed to heat it, or for any other reason, the same simpleadjustments may be made on the hot water control mechanism. I have madein excess ofA 1500 calculations, in most cases accompanied withtests,employing varying amounts of hot and cold Water at varying temperatures,and in all cases I have found that, by employing the equipment of mypresent invention7 it is an extremely simple proposition to deliversubstantially any desired quantity of tempered water consistent withthesize of the lines and capacity of hot water heating plants, and

maintain that quantity of water within a very Thus, it is seen that, bythe, use of only a few degrees of that desired for a particular purpose.

' Referring now to Figs. 6 to 8, inclusive, which show the details ofthe valve assembly, and which may be considered with Figs. l to 4,inclusive, to illustrate the manner of incorporation with the valvebody, Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view showing the parts inassembled relation, and Fig. 7 is a similar view showing the partsseparated. I utilize a shell 3| having internal threads 32 in which avalve stem 33 is threaded. The end of the valve stem carries a valvegasket 34, this valve gasket being formed oi` suitable material such asfiber and inset as indicated into an annular space at the end of theyvalve stem body, a screw 36 holding it in position.

A removable valve seat member 31 is screwed into the apertured end ofthe shell 3|, and is provided with a shoulder which engages against awasher 38 to make the connection tight. This valve seat member has anannular valve seat 39 ywhich is engaged by the washer 34. An opening 4|is provided in the Valve seat member through which the water passes,this opening being suitably shaped to receive a tool as indicated inFig. 3. The valve seat member has a cup-shaped projection 42 providedwith oppositely positioned apertures 43, of such a size as toaccommodate substantially a full body of water which will pass the valveseat when the valve is open. A cup-shaped control member 44 ispositioned over the cup-shaped projection 42, however, a snug butsliding fit being provided so that the member 44 may be rotated withrespect to the member 42., A screw 46, however, holds the cup-shapedcontrol member 44 in the position to which it is adjusted. This member44 is provided with a plurality of pairs of openings 4l, each pair ofopenings being of a different size and so controlled as to size thatthey will admit a predetermined, definite body of water under theconditions in which they are employed. Thus, any one of the plurality ofpairs of openings may be' positioned in line 'with the larger openings43 to adjust the amount of water which reaches the valve proper. Agasket 48, preferably formed of thin, relatively soft metal, is disposedbetween the cup-shaped control member 44, a shoulder on the valve seatmember and the iiat end of the shell 3|.

The shell'is provided with a plurality of flutes 49 which, as indicatedin Fig. 8, as well as in some of the other gures, cooperate with similarinside formations in the faucet or valve body to position the shell. Avalve stern packing nut 5| extends around the end of the shell and hasthreads 52 which engage male threads on the faucet vor valve body tohold the entire assembly in position. A web 53 is provided between theinlet and outlet chambers through which an annular passageway isprovided,'and this web is finished with a flat portion as indicatedparticularly in Fig. 2 against which the end of the shell 3| engages andis held during the entire time'the device is assembled. The washer orgasket 448 is `disposed between this flat portion of the web and the endof the shell when the valve stempacking nut 5I is drawn up tightly, thewasher or gasket 48 thereby serving to pack the end of the shell as wellas the space between the cup-shaped control member 44 and the removableseat member.

A valve stern packing gasket 54 extends up into thevalve stem packingnut 5| and bears.

against the inside of this' shell andalso against one side of a metalretaining washer 56. A friction .ring 5l is disposed. at the oppositeside of the fretainin'g-washer, anda body washer'58, preferablyimade ofiiber or similar'material, is disposedoutside of the retaining washer 56and against a shoulder. provided on the inside1of 4the packing nut 5|.The end of the valve stem is iiuted at 55 toi-lt a complementaryand-corresponding formation on the inside of a handle 6|, theusual screw62 being provided to hold the handle in position.

.In addition to the water control aspects of my invention, there areobvious improvements-.and advantages in the arrangement of thevalveassembly described immediately hereinabove. The entire assembly isreadily placed in vpositionby merely inserting it in the faucet orvalvebody and'nztightening up the valve stem packing nut. Tightening upthis valve stem packing nut causes thewasher or gasket 48 to seal theinner end 'of the shell and, of course, the outer end of the shell issealed at the packing nut by the series of washers and gaskets employed.Moreover, friction is allowed for at this end so that, even after longperiods of time, there is no tendency for the packing to become loosethrough wearing or tearing. Should the handle appear to be inyanfundesirable position when the assembly is placed in position, thismay be adjusted for in the actof assembly by merely rotating the shellto a. suitableposition so that, when tightened up, the handle willalways be in the correct position.

Thus, it is not necessary, even though the faucet orvalveis serviced, toremove the handle in order-*to change its position. In addition toproviding for the renewable lseat washer 34, I also provide for arenewable seat,as notedwvhich'is very readily and simply renewed. Whenthe assembly, as shown in Fig. 6, is removed from the body, thevalve'stem can be taken completely out by merely unscrewing it. Thus, byremoving the screw 136, the member fill is removed, and the valve seatmember is then `removed either by employing a tool in the opening l, ormore simply by inserting a center punch, nail, or any othervhandy objectthrough the opening 43 and employing it as a tool for unscrewing thevalve seat member. These features are in addition to the novel watercontrol features and make for a long life of the entire assembly. Thislong life is further'enhanced by the fact that, because of the use ofthe controlled apertures on the endof the shell which vextends into theinlet chamber, the full head of water isnot directly applied against theseat as in conventional structures. =The water passes 4first through theapertures 1H and 43, then through the valve seat, and then through theapertures 63, four innumber, as indicated in Fig. .8, but at least asuitable number so that the water has a free passage from the valve seatto the outlet chamber Il.

The number of openings in the cup-shapedr control member M may, ofcourse, vary. In the drawings, as illustrated in Fig. 3, I show onlythree sets of openings, this being adequate to illustrate the generalarrangement. Moreover, these openngsmaybeof any selectedsizes, thoseshown in the drawing by no means beingrintended to be extremely accuratebut onlyrillustrative. This same general arrangement, as previouslynoted, is employed at the outlet nozzle I8.

The assembly illustrated inl connection with Figs. 1 to 8, inclusive,maybe employed insimilarr or modiiied form in manydifferent types "ofvalve ly vlarge quantities of water.

and faucet bodies. In Fig.-.5, I illustrate a ,somewhat mOrecp'rightstyiexof cpmbmation'faucet. 5

wherein 'zthe supplypipes'are disposedin vertical relation generally, as-indicated by the -dotted lines, and .ared'elivered Yinto inlet chambers64 and 6B. i'JThe Iow offwater to an outlet chamber 6l is controlledbyassemblies substantially identical Twithf'that previously described andvillustrated indetail in Figs. 6 and`7. For this reason,I-shall-notdescribe these assemblies in detail but I haveV applied.thereto the same reference charactersemployed inthe previous gures.Thejoutlet; nozzle i8. is yasV .describedin connection with Fig.:5,'ywith vthe'same or similar outlet control, except that the outlet nozzleis provided with an extension (i3:` for .the attachment of a hose 69.The other endof 'the'.hosehas secured thereto a sprayhead 'll.shownmoreorless conventionally.y

Inrliign 9,;I illustrate a convention-altype ofvalve utilized in aflineas shown'in 10 toj control theiiowofwater, but provided with thevalverstem assembly featuresdisclosed in the pre-4 vious embodiments.'The valve stem is verticalandhas' a `somewh'atvmodified Valve stempacking means-and valvestem packing nutwhich need' notitie-'described indetail as they arenot importantso fari'as'; my present inventiongoes.The

main parts: of the valve stem assembly, hows'ever,`A

are substantially :the same .as previously de-r scribedgand',toidentify'like parts, I employ'the same reference characters utilizedin Figs'. 6 and 7. lIn -this instance, however, a single inletcharnberriZxis provided and a single outlet chamber 13,. the valve bodybeingprovided with bosses 'M and" IB into which pipes `are' threaded torec'eive and deliver thewater. With a Valve of this 'p type,:I mayproduce substantially the same general effectfasobtainedby the use of acombinainvention are amply clear l'from the above ldel scription. Ifwishto makey it clear,'however, that,- notwithstanding thefact that theoriiices 41 in the controlmember may be .relatively Vvery small, they ffunction under all circumstances to continue to delivery a'rnea'suredquantitycf water and also have the function of so maintaining thepressure ori-.the lines that one outletwill not rob another andy undersubstantially; all circumstances the.v

volume of .water'for which 1they are set will be delivered. Becausethese o'riiicesface each other,

they apparently clear each other'so thataccumul v lation offoreignmatter will not occur such 'as would otherwise tend' to clogv them up. Ihave found that remarkably-small orifices used in the manner fin which'I employ them will deliver fair- K y This m-ay be illustrated by thefact that an orifice producedby a No.` '52 drill will deliver,under'normal pressure,`

approximately one gallon ofwater per minute. It may be noted' that eventhis small amount of water will/fill the outletof the r'usual dischargenozzle and producea full', even stream.

Ther types of Aequipment illustrate'd Vin Figs. 1 and-5, for example,areprimarily intended for use where appearance is of'consequence, as,for example,in` homes, cnices, pub-lic lavatories,v and thelike. Thelformfof installation vshown in Fig. 10 is linge'neral ample `forindustrial establishments where the.Y only c'onsiderationis Vone ofutility. In conn'ec'itio'n'J With-industrial Vestablishv ample undermany circumstances.

ments, I have found that there are very many places such as tanneriesand the like where water is required at a substantially constant butcontrolled temperature. Sometimes the amount delivered is required to becontrolled, and at other times the only requirement is the delivery of alarge volume of water at suitable predetermined temperature. Forexample, in Fig. 10, I indicate a vat 19 which, for example, may be atreating vat for hides. It may be that the only requirement is to fillthis vat with water at the proper temperature in a relatively shortperiod of time. In this case, separate control of the outlet would notbe utilized, and the valves would be so designed as to deliverrelatively large volumes of Water, but still so differentiated insetting that the delivered Water would be at the temperature desired.

While my invention contemplates the provision of a predeterminedtemperature of water and preferably the delivery of predetermined,denite quantities thereof, variations may be provided for as in usualinstallations which do not employ my invention. I-Iot water alone may bedelivered, or cold Water alone. By adjusting the handles of the valves,the relative quantities of hot and cold water delivered to the mixingchamber may be regulated, so that tempered water may be obtained of adifferent temperature than that predetermined by the settling of thecontrol members alone. So far as the arrangement of parts in the cupshaped control member is concerned, considerable modification obviouslymay exist. I prefer the use of two parts, facing each other, but otherarrangements may be provided, such as a plurality of single parts ofgraduating sizes. By the use of the control features of the characterdescribed, I predetermine the temperature o-f the Water within thefixture, rather than in a bowl or the like into which the water isdischarged.

In the examples given, the amount of water discharged is entirelyillustrative. For example, in the case Where' I suggest the delivery oftwo gallons of Water at the outlet, the discharge nozzle control may `beadjusted to deliver one gallon, or one and one half gallons which may befound I, therefore, combine, with the tempering feature, a water savingfeature, which is of importance in installations where hot wat-er isprovided. I also save hot water, obviously, by the predeterminedadjustment on the inlet which makes it unnecessary to waste the hotwater while the user is attempting to adjust the temperature of theflow.

Another feature is that my control device as employed functions as areducing valve, it being unnecessary to provide separate reducing valvesto ysubstantially equalize the various pressures on different pipe lineswithin thel system. y

In addition to other novel features of construction, it will be notedthat there is substantially no Wear on the body of my valve or faucet,since after the device is assembled, no moving part bears against thebody itself.

Features of my invention, including structural features of the valvestem assembly, have been described in detail, butthe features Iparticularly deem to be novel are set forth in the accompanying claims.

What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of theUnited States is:

l. In a valve structure, a body having inlet and outlet chambers, anapertured partition between said chambers, a shell having one end sealedagainst said partition around the said aperture, means carried by theshell projecting into the inlet chamber for limiting the amount of waterpassing through said shell, a seat carried by the shell, a valve stemthreaded in the shell, anda valve carried by the stem and adapted toengage said seat, said shell being apertured above the seat to passwater flowing through the shell into the outlet chamber.

2. An assembly for insertion into a valve body, comprising a shell, aremovable seat member threaded into one end of the shell, a cup-shapedprojection on the removable seat member having an aperture therein, acup-shaped control member nested over said projection and havingapertures adapted to be aligned with the aperture in the projection, asoft metal washer surrounding said projection, means for holding thecupshaped control member on the projection with its rim sealed againstsaid Washer, a seat on saidremovable seat member Within said shell, avalve stem threaded in the shell, and a valve carried by the stem, saidshell being apertured near said seat to pass Water which passes thevalve, and said Washer serving as a, packing to seal the end of theshell when assembled within a valve body.

3. In a valve structure, a shell in the form of a substantiallycylindrical tube having flutes near one outer end edge thereof, saidtube being open at the end adjacent said flutes, a tubular extension atthe opposite end of said tube, closed except for the provision of apassageway sufficiently small to limit the water passing therethrough toa predetermined amount at a given pressure, the inside of said tubularextension communicating with the inside of the said cylindrical tube, aseat within the shell, said cylindrical tube being apertured in theregion of said seat, a valve stem threaded within said shell andcarrying a valve adapted to engage said seat to prevent passage of waterfrom said tubular extension into said tube, a valve body having inletand outlet chambers separated by a ported flange running at right anglesto the axis of the shell, said tubular extension projecting into theinlet chamber and 'L the end of the cylindrical tube of the shell beingsealed against `said flange, said valve body having flutes cooperatingwith the flutes on the flange whereby the shell may be introduced at anyradial position to position a handle carried by the valve stem withoutthe requirement of removing said handle therefrom.

SAMUEL KERSTEN.

